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Harald Lutz
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Benutzername: Haraldl

Nummer des Beitrags: 171
Registriert: 12-2001
Veröffentlicht am Montag, 02. September 2002 - 09:43 Uhr:   Beitrag editieren Beitrag löschen Schnellansicht Beitrag drucken    Beitrag verschieben (Nur für Moderatoren)

von Herrn Peter Alway dem Herausgeber des Buches „Rockets of the World“ bekam ich vor einiger Zeit per e – Mail Anfrage einen kurzen Bericht über die Entwicklung (oder besser den Versuch der Entwicklung) der tschechoslowakischen „Sonda“ – Raketen zur meteorologischen Höhenforschung (auf Englisch) zugeschickt. Ich will diesen Artikel den Forum nicht vorenthalten:


Sonda S1-S2

In the years following Sputnik, the world saw rocketry as an exciting
pursuit. While most nations couldn't hope to launch satellites, they could
launch scientific sounding rockets. Small meteorological sounding rockets
were particularly attractive to nations and institutions with limited
resources. In 1965, researchers from Czechoslovakia's Military Academy of
Antonin Zapotocky proposed a series of rockets to probe the atmosphere up to
30 km (19 mi). While this was within the altitude range of balloons, it was
the practical limit given the Academy's funds and Czechoslovakia's geography.
The Academy called these rockets Sonda.

With only small, fast-burning rocket motors available, the Sonda rockets
would need two stages to reach high altitudes. Since the Sonda rockets would
fly in a landlocked, densely populated country, both stages needed reliable
parachute recovery. The rockets needed smoke generators and flash charges to
aid visual tracking of the rockets. Eventually the rockets would carry
standard meteorological instruments, but they would need new telemetry
equipment to beam back weather data.

Each rocket stage created or adapted for the Sonda program had its own
separate designation, and in theory stages could be mixed and matched as
needed. The first Sonda rocket combined the S1 booster and the S2 sustainer
stage. Each burned a homogeneous "diglycol" solid propellant (possibly a
mixture of nitrocellulose and diethylene glycol dinitrate) in a steel case.
The Sonda S1-S2 would not attempt meteorological measurements; its purpose
was to give the Academy researchers experience in the techniques for use with
larger rockets. The rocket stood 1.77 meters (5 ft, 10 in) tall.

Researchers and students from the Zapotocky Academy launched the Sonda S1-S2
>from a rail mounted on a two-wheeled cart. The rocket would take off at an
angle of 2-5 degrees from vertical. After 0.91 sec, the booster burned out,
and drag pushed it back from the sustainer. Five seconds after launch, when
the rocket had coasted to an altitude of 1.1 km (3600 ft), the sustainer lit.
Its 0.74-sec burn sent the sustainer to an altitude of 6 km (3.7 mi). Smoke generators on board aided visible tracking, and parachutes returned the rockets to Earth.



The Sonda S1-S2 trained Czechoslovakian researchers and students in rocket
operations, and proved the techniques for flying larger rockets in tight
quarters. The next step was the Sonda S-3, capable of reaching 11 km (7 mi)
without a booster. With a booster adapted from military rockets, the S-3
might have flown even higher, but the Zapotocky Academy never attracted
meteorological researchers. While researchers built and static-tested a wide
range of Sonda motors that could have sent 3.5 m (11 ft, 6 in) tall rockets
to altitudes of 30 km, they could not fly them in densely populated
Czechoslovakia. The Sonda program ended in 1970. Further Czechoslovakian
space research centered on scientific payloads aboard Soviet satellites and
sounding rockets.

Sonda S1-S2 specifications

Weight 8.2 kg (18 lb)
Length 1.77 m (5 ft, 9.7 in)
Diameter 67 mm (2.63 in)

Stage 1
Thrust 2500 N (560 lb)
Duration 0.91 sec
Total Impulse 2300 N-s (510 lb-s)
NAR Designation O 2500

Stage 2
Thrust 1300 N (290 lb)
Duration 0.74 sec
Total Impulse 960 N-s (220 lb-s)
NAR Designation M 1300

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